Sea arrivals of migrants and refugees to Europe have fallen by more than a third so far this year, but the journeys have become deadlier, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Around 60,000 people have crossed by sea so far in 2026, compared with about 98,000 during the same period last year, marking a 39% decline.

Despite the drop in arrivals, at least 2,292 people have died or gone missing while attempting the journey this year, up from 1,999 during the same period last year. The IOM said many deaths may not have been recorded. Migrants often make the dangerous journey from Libya aboard overcrowded and unseaworthy boats.

The figures come as European countries continue to debate tougher migration policies. The European Union agreed in June on new rules allowing deportations outside the bloc, while pressure from right-wing political parties to tighten border controls has increased. The IOM has called for greater access to legal routes into Europe and measures to reduce risks along migration routes.

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