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Pope Leo XIV called on Russia and the United States to extend the New START nuclear arms control treaty, which limits the number of strategic nuclear weapons deployed by each country. Speaking at his weekly audience at the Vatican, the pope emphasized that the current global situation “calls for doing everything possible to avert a new arms race.”

Signed in 2010, the treaty is set to expire on Thursday. Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed an informal one-year extension in September, but as of Wednesday, U.S. President Donald Trump had not responded, raising concerns about the potential lapse of the agreement.

The pope described the renewal as urgent, stressing the need to replace “the logic of fear and distrust with a shared ethic” that prioritizes the common good. Letting the treaty expire would mark the end of over 50 years of nuclear weapons constraints, a significant step in global arms control.

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Germany will remain closer to the United States than to China, despite recent tensions in transatlantic relations, Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul said on Monday. Speaking in Singapore, Wadephul stressed that Germany is “not in equidistance” between Washington and Beijing, adding that the U.S. continues to be Europe’s most important partner, particularly when it comes to security.

He acknowledged growing friction with Washington, including criticism from the Trump administration over Europe’s defence spending and reliance on U.S. military support. However, Wadephul warned against turning to China as an alternative, saying it would be the “wrong answer” for Europe to assume that closer ties with Beijing could replace the U.S. relationship, even as some Western countries pursue new trade deals with China.

Wadephul said Europe’s firm and united response to U.S. claims over Greenland showed the continent could defend its interests by clearly defining red lines. He also highlighted the European Union’s expanding network of free trade agreements as a key pillar of rules-based global trade and said the bloc is moving quickly to finalise new deals in the Asia-Pacific region, including with Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Australia.

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European Union leaders are reassessing their relationship with the United States after former President Donald Trump’s recent threats of tariffs and remarks about acquiring Greenland unsettled transatlantic trust. Although Trump later reversed his stance—ruling out military action and stepping back from proposed tariffs—EU diplomats say the episode has highlighted the unpredictability of U.S. policy and prompted calls for a more independent European strategy, particularly in defence and trade.

At an emergency summit in Brussels, EU leaders are expected to discuss reducing their reliance on the United States, especially within NATO, where Europe still depends heavily on U.S. intelligence, defence systems and logistics. The bloc is also economically exposed, as the U.S. remains its largest trading partner, leaving Europe vulnerable to sudden tariff threats. Diplomats stressed the need to define clear “red lines” and prepare responses should Washington again shift course.

Uncertainty also remains over the details of a proposed Greenland framework agreement discussed by Trump and NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, including plans to increase Western presence in the Arctic. While Trump’s reversal eased immediate tensions, EU officials say the broader challenge persists: balancing efforts to keep the U.S. engaged while strengthening Europe’s own resilience, unity and long-term strategic autonomy.

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Ukraine has sent a high-level delegation to the United States for talks focused on security guarantees and a post-war recovery package, President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Friday. He expressed hope that the agreements could be finalised and signed on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos next week. The discussions come as Ukraine seeks firm commitments to prevent any future Russian aggression once the war ends.

Zelenskiy said Kyiv also wants greater clarity from Washington on Russia’s position toward U.S.-backed diplomatic efforts to end the nearly four-year conflict. While noting progress in negotiations with the U.S., he acknowledged differences on certain issues. Ukrainian officials estimate the country will need around $800 billion for post-war reconstruction, and Zelenskiy said Ukraine has completed its part of the work on a proposed “prosperity package” to unlock recovery funding.

Ukraine’s ambassador to the U.S., Olga Stefanishyna, said senior officials, including the head of the presidential office and top security leaders, will hold bilateral talks in Miami to refine the agreements. Zelenskiy accused Russia of stalling peace efforts, citing continued strikes on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, and renewed calls for increased air defence support, warning that shortages of ammunition have already left parts of the power grid vulnerable.

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Denmark is facing a complex geopolitical challenge as it defends Greenland at a time when the Arctic territory is steadily moving towards independence. While recent statements from the Trump administration that “all options are open” for taking control of Greenland have prompted strong European support for Copenhagen, the crisis highlights a paradox: Denmark is expending diplomatic capital to protect a territory whose population increasingly wants self-rule and whose political leaders are open to dealing directly with Washington.

Greenland’s strategic importance — sitting between Europe and North America and hosting key elements of the U.S. missile defence system — gives Denmark significant relevance in Arctic geopolitics. However, that leverage could disappear if Greenland chooses independence, a right formally recognised in 2009. Analysts warn Denmark could end up paying a high diplomatic and financial price to resist U.S. pressure, only to see Greenland eventually chart its own path. Trump’s renewed interest has also accelerated internal debates in Greenland, where all major parties favour independence, differing only on timing and method.

The issue also carries a heavy economic burden. Denmark provides substantial annual funding to Greenland and has announced major new Arctic defence spending, even as Greenland’s economy stagnates. Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen must balance domestic politics, alliance relations with the U.S., and international law, while acknowledging Greenlanders’ right to decide their future. As tensions rise, Denmark is left defending both its sovereignty and its credibility, amid growing uncertainty over how long the union with Greenland will last.

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German Chancellor Friedrich Merz has called on Europe to assert its interests more forcefully to safeguard peace and prosperity in 2026, warning of mounting threats from Russian aggression, global protectionism and shifting relations with the United States. Speaking in his New Year’s address, Merz said the war in Ukraine posed a direct threat to Europe’s freedom and security, adding that Russia’s actions were part of a broader strategy targeting the entire continent.

Since taking office in May, Merz has played a key role in pushing European support for Ukraine and strengthening Germany’s defence posture. He said Germany now faces daily challenges including sabotage, espionage and cyberattacks, underscoring the need for greater resilience. Merz also highlighted economic risks from rising protectionism and Europe’s dependence on imported raw materials, which he said were increasingly being used as tools of political pressure.

Merz pointed to Germany’s struggle to revive its export-driven economy after two years of contraction, as Berlin seeks to reduce reliance on China while navigating global trade tensions and the impact of U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff policies. Acknowledging a more difficult partnership with Washington since Trump’s return to office in 2025, Merz said Europe must rely more on itself, stressing that confidence, not fear, should guide the continent’s response as it works to renew long-standing peace, freedom and prosperity.

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Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said he held a “very good” conversation on Christmas Day with US special envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, as negotiations toward a possible peace deal with Russia continued. Zelensky said the talks covered substantive aspects of the negotiations and generated new ideas aimed at achieving “real peace,” describing the engagement as constructive and timely. Senior Ukrainian officials, including Defense Council Secretary Rustem Umerov, also participated in the discussions.

Zelensky said further talks were planned between Umerov and the US representatives, stressing the importance of seizing every opportunity to move closer to a settlement. The diplomatic push comes amid gradual progress in US-led peace efforts, including recent meetings between Ukrainian, Russian, and American negotiators. Zelensky has outlined a 20-point framework for ending the war, which includes troop withdrawals, security guarantees involving the US and Europe, and the creation of a demilitarized zone in parts of eastern Ukraine.

Despite ongoing negotiations, fighting has continued on the ground. Russia has intensified strikes on Ukrainian cities, including Odesa, causing power outages and civilian damage, while Ukrainian forces have conducted drone and sabotage operations against Russian military targets. Russian officials say they are reviewing Ukraine’s proposals, though President Vladimir Putin has reiterated demands that Ukraine cede all of Donetsk. International figures, including Pope Leo, used Christmas messages to call for an end to the violence and renewed diplomatic engagement.

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Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has said relations with the United States could improve if Washington acknowledges that efforts to overturn his 2020 re-election had failed. In an interview with U.S. outlet Newsmax, Lukashenko suggested that such an admission could serve as a starting point for renewed dialogue between the two countries.

Official results declaring Lukashenko re-elected to a sixth term in 2020 triggered mass protests in Belarus, with demonstrators alleging electoral fraud. Western nations refused to recognise the result, while Russia backed Lukashenko. The Belarusian leader responded to the unrest with widespread arrests, deepening tensions with the West.

The United States and its allies later imposed sanctions on Belarus over the election, human rights concerns and Minsk’s role in allowing Russia to use its territory to launch the invasion of Ukraine. Despite this, U.S. officials have engaged Belarus in recent years, including efforts to secure the release of detainees. Lukashenko said Belarus wanted constructive relations with Washington and even suggested the two sides could cooperate on international issues such as Venezuela.

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Ceasefire negotiations between Ukraine and the United States continued for a second day in Berlin, with Washington saying “a lot of progress was made.” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and chief negotiator Rustem Umerov held extended talks with US envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, joined by German Chancellor Friedrich Merz. Nato’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe, General Alexus Grynkewich, also attended, while more European leaders are expected to join later discussions.

Zelensky indicated he was ready to give up Ukraine’s ambition to join Nato in exchange for strong security guarantees similar to Nato’s Article 5 mutual defence clause, calling it a significant compromise. The talks centre on a 20-point Ukrainian peace proposal aimed at countering an earlier US plan seen as favouring Russia. While details remain undisclosed, Kyiv says the plan would form the basis for reconstruction and long-term security assurances.

Discussions also touched on sensitive territorial issues, including the Donbas region, where Zelensky said Ukraine could consider freezing the conflict along current front lines but would not withdraw troops unless Russia did the same. Any agreement reached by Ukraine, the US and Europe would still need to be presented to Moscow, which continues to oppose Nato membership for Kyiv. The talks come as Ukraine faces renewed Russian attacks on energy infrastructure and as EU states debate using frozen Russian assets to support Ukraine’s economy.

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U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that closed-door peace discussions in Geneva on Sunday marked major progress towards a draft U.S. proposal aimed at ending the war in Ukraine. Speaking to reporters after meeting a Ukrainian delegation, Rubio described the session as the most productive since the administration took office, calling it “probably the best meeting and day we’ve had so far in this entire process.”

The talks are ongoing in Geneva and involve collaborative efforts to refine joint proposals, with participation expected from European partners. Andriy Yermak, Chief of Staff to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, called the discussions “very productive,” confirming that another round of meetings would continue later on the same day. He expressed appreciation for U.S. support and diplomatic engagement.

Yermak publicly thanked the United States and President Donald Trump for their commitment to pursuing peace, echoing Zelenskiy’s earlier message of gratitude. The acknowledgment followed recent comments by Trump on social media suggesting Kyiv had shown insufficient appreciation for U.S. assistance. Both sides signaled optimism about advancing negotiations that could shape the next phase of diplomatic efforts.

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