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France has announced more than €1 billion in financial support for farmers affected by record heatwaves and droughts this summer. Agriculture Minister Annie Genevard said the package is a major effort given the country’s tight budget situation, with €520 million to be distributed through rapid payments to help cover weather-related losses.

France’s main farmers’ union, FNSEA, estimates farmers have already suffered at least €10 billion in lost production, with both livestock and crop sectors reporting losses of more than €5 billion each. Around 30,000 to 35,000 farms are facing financial difficulties, prompting the government to prioritise immediate assistance.

The package also includes a €235 million recovery fund to help farmers purchase seeds, crops and animal feed after drought damaged farmland and water supplies. Additional measures include land-tax relief, social-security payment support and fuel subsidies. The finance ministry estimates the extreme weather could reduce France’s economic growth by 0.1 percentage points this year, while another heatwave is expected this week.

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Climate change is putting increasing pressure on maize production across central and eastern Europe, with repeated droughts, heatwaves and water shortages reducing crop yields. The impact is particularly severe in Hungary and Romania, where maize acreage has fallen sharply. Hungary, once a major exporter, is expected to import maize this year, while Romania’s exportable surplus has declined.

The European Union’s maize harvest is forecast at 50.1 million metric tons in 2026, nearly a two-decade low and around 20% below the average of the past three years. Romania’s crop is expected to reach about 8 million tons, while Hungary’s harvest could fall to just 2.5 million tons. EU maize imports are projected to rise by 8% to 9% in 2026/27 as domestic production weakens.

Farmers are increasingly changing how they operate to cope with the changing climate. Some are switching from maize to crops such as sunflowers that require less water, while others are investing in irrigation. However, declining water availability is making even irrigation difficult. Farmers warn that without reliable water supplies, continued maize cultivation could become increasingly unviable, raising concerns for Europe’s food security and agricultural livelihoods.

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Austria’s agriculture sector is struggling under an unusually hot and dry European summer, with prolonged heat and a lack of rainfall damaging crops and leaving cattle farmers short of water and grass. Farmers in northern Austria say the sustained temperatures are unprecedented, forcing some cattle to be brought down from Alpine pastures earlier than usual.

The shortage of pasture is also raising costs for farmers, who may have to rely on stored hay or purchase additional feed meant for winter. Some farmers are responding by sending cattle to slaughter earlier than planned, while waiting lists at slaughterhouses are already growing. Conditions vary across different Alpine areas, with some pastures having already been cleared of cattle.

Crops have also suffered heavily, with Austria’s national food production body forecasting a 19% decline in the grain harvest this year. Corn has been particularly affected by the lack of water, while heat has damaged tomato crops in greenhouses around Linz. Farmers report that many tomatoes have stopped developing or developed dry, discoloured patches, although some crops, including carrots, have benefited from the unusually warm conditions.

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The Rhine River in Germany has fallen to record-low levels amid a prolonged heatwave and scarce rainfall, disrupting one of Europe’s most important commercial waterways. At the Kaub chokepoint near Koblenz, navigable water depth dropped to just 15 cm on Tuesday, below the previous record low of 25 cm recorded in 2018.

The extremely shallow conditions have forced many cargo operators to halt sailings on southern sections of the river. Vessels that continue operating can carry only around 20% of their normal loads, forcing freight to be spread across multiple ships and significantly increasing transportation costs. Some cargo is also being shifted to road transport.

The disruption could have wider consequences for Germany’s economy, as the Rhine carries major volumes of grains, minerals, coal and refined oil products. Analysts warn that prolonged record-low water levels could weigh on economic growth just as Germany’s economy is showing early signs of recovery. Northern sections of the river remain navigable, but continued dry weather could worsen the situation.

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Romania carried out controlled explosions to remove rocks from the Danube River and redirect water to the Cernavoda nuclear power plant, as severe drought and record-low river levels threatened reactor cooling. The emergency measure highlights the growing impact of Europe’s ongoing heatwave and energy challenges.

The operation aims to ensure adequate cooling water reaches the country’s only operating nuclear reactor after another reactor was shut down due to falling river levels. Authorities also plan to build a temporary dam to improve water flow, while urging households and businesses to reduce electricity consumption.

The drought has also affected neighboring Hungary, where the Paks nuclear plant is operating at reduced capacity because of the Danube’s low water levels. Governments across the region are taking emergency steps to protect power supplies as extreme weather continues to strain Europe’s energy infrastructure.

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Record-low water levels in Europe’s major rivers are disrupting electricity generation, cargo transport and business operations as prolonged heatwaves and drought continue across the continent. The shrinking waterways have reduced hydropower output, affected nuclear plant cooling systems and highlighted the growing economic impact of climate change.

Countries including Serbia, Hungary, Romania and France have cut power generation due to insufficient river water for hydropower and nuclear facilities. Several nations are expected to rely more on electricity imports, while low river levels have also disrupted the transport of grain, oil and other goods along key waterways such as the Danube and Rhine.

The drought has also affected company earnings, with utilities reporting lower hydropower production and reduced profits. Businesses across Europe are facing rising operational challenges as extreme weather exposes the need for more resilient energy and transport infrastructure.

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Hungary’s only nuclear power plant, the Soviet-era Paks facility, is set to shut down completely for the first time after record-low water levels in the Danube River left its cooling system unable to operate. Prime Minister Péter Magyar warned the country’s energy supply could become critical as an intense heatwave continues, urging residents to reduce electricity use during peak evening hours.

The prolonged drought and extreme temperatures have affected much of Europe, with the Danube reaching its lowest levels in decades across several countries. Romania has already shut down one reactor at its Cernavoda nuclear plant for the same reason, while authorities are trying to keep the second reactor operational to avoid a complete halt in nuclear power generation.

The shrinking river has also disrupted shipping, exposed historic shipwrecks, and revealed ancient mammoth remains along its riverbed. Scientists say Europe, the world’s fastest-warming continent, is experiencing more frequent heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires, placing growing pressure on water resources, transport, and energy infrastructure.

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Firefighters in Spain and France are battling major wildfires as extreme heat and dry conditions continue to grip southern Europe. Spain’s largest wildfire of the year has scorched around 32,000 hectares in Guadalajara, though the blaze has begun to stabilise, allowing some evacuated residents to return home. In France, firefighters are working to contain multiple fires, including one in the Var region that has burned thousands of hectares and forced hundreds of people to evacuate.

Authorities have blamed the combination of intense heat, drought, and human activity for the growing number of fires. Two firefighters lost their lives in southwest France after their vehicle was engulfed by flames, while officials have imposed barbecue bans and urged the public to avoid activities that could spark new fires. Spain has already recorded 22 major wildfires this year, burning more than 100,000 hectares nationwide.

Scientists warn that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires across Europe. While some regions are expected to see a brief drop in temperatures, weather agencies caution that fire risks remain extremely high and another surge in heat is likely in the coming days.

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Hungarian authorities are channeling millions of cubic metres of water into the marshes of Hortobágy National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to prevent the wetlands from drying out during a severe drought. The protected area in eastern Hungary is an important habitat for migratory birds and a popular destination for nature tourism.

Officials said around 2 million cubic metres of water have already been diverted into the marshland, preventing the area from drying up completely. The same wetlands dried out entirely during the 2022 drought, leading to wildfires that destroyed more than 800 hectares of land.

Conservation experts warn that climate change, declining groundwater levels, and reduced rainfall are altering bird migration patterns and threatening the long-term health of the ecosystem. They say sustainable water management and better conservation measures will be essential to protect the wetlands and the wildlife that depends on them.

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Po River in northern Italy has seen a sharp drop in water flow during an intense European heatwave, allowing seawater from the Adriatic to push as far as 18 km inland. The river’s discharge has fallen dramatically from around 1,000 cubic metres per second to below 300, triggering a “salt wedge” effect in the delta region.

The intrusion is disrupting agriculture and fragile wetland ecosystems, with irrigation canals being shut to prevent saltwater from damaging crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, and sunflowers. Farmers say the situation is worsening earlier than in previous drought years, raising concerns over crop survival during a critical growing phase.

Experts and local water managers warn that climate-driven extreme heat events are increasing both in frequency and intensity, overwhelming existing barriers and water management systems. They note that river flow levels have dropped below previously assumed safe thresholds, intensifying risks for farming communities across the delta.

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