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Tiger mosquitoes behind dengue fever rise in Europe

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An invasive species of mosquito has established itself in 13 EU countries, including France, Spain, and Greece, leading to a rise in dengue fever cases in Europe. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) attributes this spread to climate change, which has created favorable conditions for the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). This species, considered the most invasive mosquito globally, is now spreading northwards, even reaching Paris, where authorities are actively monitoring and trapping the insects ahead of the Olympic Games in July.

The ECDC warns that international travel will likely increase the risk of further outbreaks in Europe. To mitigate this, it advises people to remove stagnant water from gardens and balconies, use insect repellent, and install screens on windows and doors. The tiger mosquito, which transmits diseases like dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus, has become prevalent in countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Spain, and has been reported in Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, the Netherlands, and Slovakia.

Another mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, which spreads yellow fever, has been found in Cyprus and poses a significant threat to other parts of Europe due to its preference for biting humans and its disease transmission capabilities. Dengue fever, which can escalate from flu-like symptoms to severe, sometimes fatal conditions, has seen increasing outbreaks in Europe. Last year, multiple infections were recorded in France, Italy, and Spain, with a total of 130 locally-acquired cases, up from 71 the previous year.

The West Nile virus, also transmitted by mosquitoes, is now more widespread in Europe, with a case reported in southern Spain as early as March, indicating that climate conditions are becoming suitable for mosquitoes much earlier in the year. ECDC Director Andrea Ammon emphasizes the need for personal protective measures, early case detection, timely surveillance, further research, and awareness-raising activities in high-risk areas. With dengue fever endemic in over 100 countries and malaria posing the deadliest mosquito-borne threat, concerns are growing about potential increases in malaria incidents in Europe if conditions remain favorable.

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Hundreds Affected by Norovirus Outbreak at Stuttgart Spring Festival

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An outbreak of norovirus at a festival in southwest Germany has impacted more than 800 individuals. The illness spread among attendees in a marquee at the Stuttgart spring festival last weekend. While the exact origin of the virus remains unclear, the extent of the infection has escalated over the week.

Authorities in Stuttgart have ruled out food or beverages served in the festival tent as the source of the outbreak, as tests on samples have returned negative results. The city’s health department conducted tests on marquee staff, utensils, and water used for washing, all of which came back negative. Instead, officials suspect that the virus was transmitted from person to person, possibly through the air, although whether the initial carrier was a visitor or an employee remains uncertain.Symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea were swiftly reported by festival-goers. By Friday afternoon, health officials in Stuttgart confirmed that the number of affected individuals had risen to 815.The spring festival, situated on the banks of the Neckar river, commenced last Saturday and is scheduled to run for 23 days. It features various rides, stalls, snack bars, and marquees offering entertainment and refreshments, drawing 1.4 million visitors last year.The outbreak has been traced back to the Göckelesmaier marquee, operated by Karl Maier, who speculated that an infected individual may have introduced the norovirus to the venue on Saturday evening, possibly as part of a group.Health officials in Stuttgart maintain that there is no evidence of hygiene violations. Following the outbreak, the Göckelesmaier marquee underwent thorough disinfection and has since resumed operations.City spokesman Sven Matis revealed to public broadcaster SWR that there are indications that the virus spread within the central serving area of the marquee before disseminating throughout the entire tent.Most individuals fell ill after visiting the marquee, and some of those affected were employees working at the time. Authorities have suggested that secondary infections might have occurred as infected visitors passed on the virus.

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French booze-free January falls flat with Macron government

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France’s President Emmanuel Macron is under scrutiny for not endorsing the alcohol-free “Dry January” initiative, with accusations that he succumbed to pressure from the wine lobby. A group of 50 addiction specialists expressed their disappointment in an open letter, claiming that the government’s indifference compromises its commitment to a coherent policy against alcoholism. Despite Dry January gaining popularity since its introduction from the UK in 2020, government officials, including Agriculture Minister Marc Fesneau, have distanced themselves, citing a decline in overall alcohol consumption and expressing a preference for moderation over complete abstinence.

Critics argue that the government’s reluctance to support Dry January is indicative of prioritizing the interests of the powerful wine lobby over public health. Macron, known for his public endorsement of alcohol, faced allegations that he personally discouraged backing for the initiative. His previous statements, such as being elected Personality of the Year by a wine magazine and publicly consuming alcohol, have contributed to perceptions that he may be influencing the government’s stance against initiatives promoting alcohol abstinence.

Despite France being Europe’s fourth-largest alcohol consumer, government officials argue that the decline in overall alcohol consumption and individual choice make campaigns like Dry January irrelevant and intrusive. Former Health Minister Aurélien Rousseau, before his resignation, expressed suspicion about the government dictating lifestyle choices to the public. Critics maintain that these reactions reflect the government’s alignment with President Macron, who they believe prioritizes not upsetting the wine lobby over championing public health.

Proponents of Dry January highlight France’s status as the fourth-largest consumer of alcohol in Europe and emphasize that alcohol is responsible for over 40,000 deaths annually in the country. They argue that a government-backed campaign would have a more significant impact, reaching beyond the 16,000 participants in 2023. The accusation that Macron personally discouraged support for Dry January is underscored by his past public endorsements of alcohol, including statements about drinking wine daily and engaging in public acts of alcohol consumption. Despite the economic importance of the wine industry, critics contend that Macron’s public drinking is not only rational for supporting French winemakers but also serves as a populist gesture to counter perceptions of being “out-of-touch.”

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France Unveils Proposal to Prohibit Single-Use E-Cigarettes

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France is poised to implement a ban on disposable e-cigarettes, known locally as ‘puffs,’ due to concerns about their impact on the environment and public health. Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne announced this move as part of a broader anti-smoking plan developed by the government, with the ban expected to take effect by year-end. Similar bans have been announced in several other European countries, including Germany, Belgium, and Ireland, with the UK also reportedly considering such a prohibition.

These disposable vapes, available at tobacconists in France for approximately €9 (equivalent to £7.70), claim to provide around 600 puffs, roughly equivalent to 40 traditional cigarettes. However, France’s National Academy of Medicine has criticized them as a ‘deceptive lure for children and adolescents,’ arguing that they instill smoking-related behaviors in young users.

Critics accuse manufacturers, many of which are based in China, of deliberately targeting teenagers with colorful designs and a variety of flavors reminiscent of a candy store, such as marshmallow, chocolate, hazelnut, watermelon, and ice candy. According to the Alliance Against Tobacco (ACT), 13% of 13-16-year-olds in France have tried disposable e-cigarettes at least once, with most starting around the ages of 11 or 12.

Campaigners argue that the ban is a significant victory, as disposable e-cigarettes serve as a gateway to smoking for young people. Loïc Josseran, ACT president, emphasizes the tobacco industry’s role in this trend, describing it as a deliberate effort to entice children.

Environmental concerns have also been raised, as disposable e-cigarettes contribute to ecological damage. In the UK, a study by the environmental organization Material Focus found that over one million of these devices were discarded weekly. French doctors and environmentalists have called disposable e-cigarettes an ‘environmental plague,’ citing their plastic construction, non-removable lithium batteries, nicotine content, and traces of heavy metals.

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Scorching Heatwave Sweeps Southern Europe: Cerberus Brings Onslaught of High Temperatures

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A powerful heatwave is currently sweeping across southern Europe, leading to widespread discomfort and raising concerns about the wellbeing of residents and the resilience of infrastructure. Known as “Cerberus,” this extreme weather event is characterized by a relentless onslaught of high temperatures that are significantly surpassing the seasonal norms. Several countries in the region, including Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey, are experiencing the effects of this scorching heatwave.

The heatwave has prompted authorities to issue heat alerts and take precautionary measures to safeguard vulnerable individuals from the potentially dangerous consequences of extreme heat. Both residents and tourists are struggling to cope with the oppressive weather, seeking refuge and searching for ways to stay cool amid the soaring temperatures.

The persistent and intense nature of the heatwave has sparked concerns regarding its potential impacts on various aspects of life in the affected areas. Agriculture, in particular, is at risk due to the extreme heat’s detrimental effects on crops and livestock. Water resources, already strained by the prolonged dry spell, are further under pressure as demand for water increases during the heatwave. Additionally, the heightened risk of wildfires is a significant concern, as the combination of scorching temperatures and dry conditions provides ideal conditions for fire outbreaks.

In response to these challenges, authorities are closely monitoring the situation and implementing measures to mitigate the effects of the heatwave. Efforts are focused on providing adequate support to vulnerable populations, ensuring the availability of cooling centers, and implementing fire prevention strategies.

Overall, the Cerberus heatwave is posing significant challenges to southern European countries, requiring coordinated efforts to minimize its impact on public health, infrastructure, and the environment.

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