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France’s Private Sector Slowdown Eases in June

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France’s private sector remained in contraction during June, but the pace of decline eased significantly, according to the latest S&P Global Flash PMI survey. The Composite Output Index rose to 47.6 from 44.9 in May, indicating that business activity is still shrinking but showing signs of stabilization. Economists viewed the improvement as a positive signal after France’s first-quarter GDP was revised to reflect an economic contraction.

The manufacturing sector showed encouraging progress, with the Manufacturing PMI climbing to 50.7, returning to growth territory. Manufacturing output also improved, while the services sector remained weak but contracted at a slower rate than in previous months. The Services PMI rose to 47.4, marking its highest level in three months.

Despite the improvement, demand remained subdued as new orders declined for a seventh consecutive month and export orders continued to fall sharply. Employment levels stabilized after a significant drop in May, while business confidence improved for the first time since January. Cooling cost pressures and softer pricing trends suggested easing inflation, although uncertainties surrounding shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz continue to pose risks to the outlook.

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German Business Activity Falls to 18-Month Low as Services Sector Weakens

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Germany’s private sector activity contracted at its fastest pace in 18 months during June, according to the latest S&P Global survey. The Composite Flash Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) dropped to 48.0 from 48.8 in May, falling short of market expectations and remaining below the 50-point mark that separates growth from contraction.

The decline was driven mainly by the services sector, where the PMI fell to 46.8, its lowest level since November 2022. Business activity and new orders in the sector weakened further, while overall new business across the economy declined for a fourth consecutive month, marking the sharpest fall since December 2024.

Despite the slowdown, the survey highlighted easing inflationary pressures. Input costs rose at the slowest pace in four months, while output price inflation softened. However, business confidence for the next 12 months weakened slightly and remained below long-term averages, raising concerns that Germany’s economy may have slipped back into contraction during the second quarter.

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German Carmakers Face Mounting Pressure Amid Global Auto Industry Shift

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German automakers are losing momentum as global rivals gain ground, according to a new EY analysis. While major automotive groups worldwide posted a 2% increase in first-quarter revenue, German manufacturers recorded a 4% decline, reflecting growing challenges in key international markets.

Industry experts point to a combination of factors behind the downturn, including trade tariffs, geopolitical tensions, weakening demand in the United States and China, and the rapid pace of technological change. German carmakers are also grappling with high software development costs, excess production capacity, and a slower-than-expected transition to electric vehicles.

The outlook remains challenging as rising fuel prices and inflation, fueled in part by geopolitical uncertainty, threaten consumer demand across Europe. EY warned that the sector’s structural transformation is far from over, with 2026 likely to remain a difficult year for Germany’s automotive industry.

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Inditex Defies Consumer Slowdown as Zara Delivers Robust Early Summer Growth

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Zara owner Inditex has reassured investors with a strong start to the summer season, reporting currency-adjusted sales growth of 11.5% in May, well above analysts’ expectations of 8%. The performance comes despite weaker consumer confidence and economic uncertainty linked to rising inflation concerns and geopolitical tensions. The retailer’s shares climbed as much as 5% following the announcement.

During the February-to-April quarter, Inditex recorded sales of €8.75 billion, representing an 8.8% increase on a currency-adjusted basis. The company also improved profitability, with gross margin rising to 61.2% from 60.6% a year earlier. Executives said the group has successfully adapted its supply chain to manage disruptions in global shipping and transportation caused by the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

Inditex remains optimistic about future growth, particularly in the United States, its second-largest market after Spain. The company said sales growth is being driven mainly by higher product volumes rather than price increases, while investments in larger stores and strategic expansions continue to attract customers. Inditex maintained its full-year outlook, including stable gross margins, a 5% increase in retail space, and capital expenditure of €2.3 billion.

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Iran War Slows European Economy as Prices Surge Across Region

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Europe’s economy is facing mounting pressure as the ongoing Iran war drives up energy costs and weakens business activity across the region. Fresh data showed the euro zone economy contracted at its fastest pace since late 2023, with rising fuel and living costs reducing consumer demand and hurting the services sector. Economists warned the crisis is adding to the financial strain many households have faced since the pandemic-era cost-of-living surge.

The latest S&P Global survey showed the euro zone Composite PMI dropped to 47.5 in May, signaling continued economic contraction, while countries including Germany and France reported declining private sector activity. Businesses cited higher fuel and energy expenses, weaker orders, and growing economic uncertainty as major challenges. Inflationary pressures also intensified, with companies increasing prices at the fastest pace in more than three years.

The worsening outlook is creating a difficult balancing act for policymakers and the European Central Bank. While inflation remains above the ECB’s target, slowing growth and rising job losses are increasing fears of a broader recession. The European Commission has already downgraded its growth forecasts for the euro zone and warned that prolonged energy disruptions could weaken the economy even further in the coming months.

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Germany’s Economic Recovery Stalls as Geopolitical Conflict Deepens Private Sector Contraction

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Germany’s private sector activity has contracted for the second consecutive month in May, as the broader economic recovery faces severe headwinds from the ongoing war involving Iran. The HCOB flash Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for Germany, compiled by S&P Global, ticked up marginally to 48.6 from April’s 48.4, slightly beating analyst expectations but firmly remaining below the crucial 50.0 threshold that separates growth from contraction. Economists warn that this persistent downturn puts Europe’s largest economy on a direct course to contract in the second quarter of the year.

The economic slump was primarily driven by the services sector, which registered its second consecutive monthly drop in business activity, although the pace of decline slowed slightly with the sector’s PMI rising to 47.8 from 46.9. Meanwhile, Germany’s manufacturing sector experienced a complete stalling, plummeting to an index reading of 49.9 from 51.4 in April. Experts note that the temporary boost manufacturers previously enjoyed from stockpiling goods to outrun supply shortages and price hikes has effectively fizzled out.

Compounding these sector declines, German businesses are grappling with an intensification of cost pressures and accelerating input price inflation. Disruptions stemming from the effective closure of the crucial Strait of Hormuz continue to impact the economy, triggering supply chain shortages and driving up energy costs. Consequently, firms are reporting a sharp reduction in overall demand, as customers pull back on spending due to squeezed purchasing power and heightened geopolitical uncertainty.

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German Court Rules Milka Misled Consumers With Shrinking Chocolate Bar

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A court in Germany has ruled that chocolate maker Mondelēz International misled consumers by reducing the size of its popular Milka Alpenmilch chocolate bar while keeping nearly identical packaging. The case, brought by Hamburg’s consumer protection office, accused the company of deceiving buyers after shrinking the bar from 100g to 90g while also increasing the price from €1.49 to €1.99.

The Bremen regional court said the unchanged purple wrapper created a misleading impression for customers familiar with the product over many years. Judges ruled that the issue was not the packaging itself, but the gap between consumer expectations and the actual product size. The court stated that clearer and more noticeable labeling about the reduced weight was necessary to avoid deception. Mondelēz said it respected the decision and would review the ruling, though it still has the option to appeal.

The case has become one of Germany’s biggest examples of “shrinkflation” — the practice of reducing product sizes while maintaining or increasing prices due to rising production costs. Consumer groups say chocolate has been especially affected because of soaring cocoa prices linked to poor harvests in West Africa. Other products, including toothpaste, oats, and coffee, have also faced similar criticism, while brands like Ritter Sport have also come under scrutiny for reducing chocolate bar weights.

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Eurozone Factories Stockpile as War Fears Hit Confidence

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Manufacturers across the Eurozone accelerated purchases of raw materials in April, building up inventories amid fears of supply disruptions and rising costs linked to tensions in the Middle East. The S&P Global Eurozone Manufacturing PMI rose to 52.2, indicating growth, as both producers and customers rushed to secure supplies before prices climb further.

Despite the uptick in activity, business confidence weakened significantly. Future output expectations fell to their lowest level in 17 months, reflecting growing uncertainty about the economic outlook. While new orders grew at their fastest pace in four years, economists noted that much of this demand was driven by precautionary buying rather than genuine long-term growth.

Rising input costs and supply chain disruptions added further pressure, with delivery times slowing and inflationary trends intensifying. The European Central Bank has signalled concerns over persistent inflation, raising expectations of upcoming interest rate hikes. Although manufacturing activity expanded across all monitored countries, employment continued to decline, highlighting underlying fragility in the sector.

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Oil Prices Surge Amid Fears of Iran War Escalation

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Oil prices have climbed to their highest level since 2022 following reports that the US military is preparing to brief President Donald Trump on new options related to the Iran conflict. Brent crude jumped nearly 7%, briefly surpassing $126 per barrel, driven by concerns over potential military action and worsening geopolitical tensions in the region.

The rise comes as peace talks appear stalled and the crucial Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed, disrupting global energy supplies. Reports suggest possible US plans include targeted strikes on Iranian infrastructure or efforts to secure the waterway for shipping. Even the possibility of escalation has triggered strong reactions in oil markets, given the strait’s importance for global energy transport.

Higher crude prices are already impacting fuel costs and raising concerns about inflation worldwide. Analysts warn that sustained price increases could have wide-ranging economic effects, influencing everything from transport costs to consumer prices. Meanwhile, global stock markets showed signs of strain, reflecting growing uncertainty over the conflict and its impact on energy supply chains.

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German Economy Grows but Jobless Rate Crosses 3 Million

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Germany’s economy expanded more than expected in the first quarter of 2026, with gross domestic product rising by 0.3%, surpassing forecasts of 0.2%. The growth was mainly driven by stronger household consumption, increased government spending, and a rise in exports. However, the previous quarter’s growth was revised slightly downward, reflecting ongoing economic uncertainty.

Despite this positive start to the year, Europe’s largest economy continues to face challenges, including high energy costs linked to geopolitical tensions and increased competition from China. Inflation also climbed to 2.9% in April due to rising energy prices, prompting the German government to lower its annual growth forecast for 2026 to 0.5%.

Meanwhile, unemployment rose more sharply than expected, exceeding the 3 million mark in April. The number of jobless increased by 20,000 to 3.006 million, while the unemployment rate remained steady at 6.4%. Labour officials warned that there are still no clear signs of recovery in the job market, with hiring demand also showing signs of weakening.

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