Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), specifically gonorrhea and syphilis, have reached their highest levels in over a decade across Europe, according to the latest data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In 2024, confirmed cases of gonorrhea spiked to 106,331—marking a staggering 303% increase since 2015—while syphilis cases more than doubled over the same period to reach 45,557. Health authorities pointed to widening gaps in testing and prevention as primary drivers behind the rapid transmission, warning that these untreated infections can lead to severe health complications such as chronic pain, infertility, and neurological damage.
The epidemiological data reveals that men who have sex with men remain the group most disproportionately impacted by the steepest long-term rises in both diseases. However, the ECDC also highlighted worrying demographic shifts, including significant increases in syphilis among heterosexual women of reproductive age. Of even greater concern to health officials is that congenital syphilis cases—where the infection passes directly from mother to newborn, causing lifelong complications—nearly doubled between 2023 and 2024. Geographically, Spain recorded the highest burden among participating European nations, documenting 37,169 cases of gonorrhea and 11,556 cases of syphilis.
While chlamydia remains the most frequently reported bacterial STI overall despite a 6% decline since 2015, individual state data from non-ECDC members like the UK echoes the broader continental surge. Post-Brexit figures for England revealed 71,802 gonorrhea cases, 9,535 syphilis cases, and 168,889 chlamydia diagnoses over a 12-month period in 2024. To combat the escalating crisis, health agencies are emphasizing straightforward prevention measures like proper condom use and regular testing, while the UK has notably pioneered defensive measures by rolling out a world-first gonorrhea vaccine initiative.
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