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A record-breaking heatwave continued to grip Italy and several Balkan countries on Monday, triggering red weather alerts, raising the threat of wildfires, and disrupting daily life across Europe. Italy placed 22 cities under the highest heat warning, while Croatia issued red alerts for Zagreb, Split and Dubrovnik as firefighters battled a major blaze on the Adriatic island of Vis. Serbia and Albania also faced soaring temperatures and wildfire concerns as the extreme weather persisted.

Scientists say the heatwave, which began on June 20, has become one of the most severe ever recorded in Europe. France has reported around 1,000 excess deaths linked to the prolonged heat, mostly among older people, while experts warn temperatures are expected to climb again in early July across France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Switzerland and parts of Britain. Researchers also said the unprecedented heat would have been virtually impossible without the influence of human-caused climate change.

The extreme conditions have strained healthcare systems, disrupted power generation and damaged infrastructure across the continent. Tragic incidents linked to the heat were also reported over the weekend, including the deaths of two children found inside a hot car in Cyprus and two cyclists who collapsed during a marathon event in Poland, where temperatures reached a record 40.5°C. Authorities across Europe continue to urge people to avoid prolonged exposure to the heat as wildfire risks remain high.

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Po River in northern Italy has seen a sharp drop in water flow during an intense European heatwave, allowing seawater from the Adriatic to push as far as 18 km inland. The river’s discharge has fallen dramatically from around 1,000 cubic metres per second to below 300, triggering a “salt wedge” effect in the delta region.

The intrusion is disrupting agriculture and fragile wetland ecosystems, with irrigation canals being shut to prevent saltwater from damaging crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, and sunflowers. Farmers say the situation is worsening earlier than in previous drought years, raising concerns over crop survival during a critical growing phase.

Experts and local water managers warn that climate-driven extreme heat events are increasing both in frequency and intensity, overwhelming existing barriers and water management systems. They note that river flow levels have dropped below previously assumed safe thresholds, intensifying risks for farming communities across the delta.

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A powerful “Omega” heatwave continues to grip Western Europe, breaking temperature records and causing widespread disruption across several countries. Britain recorded its hottest June temperature ever at 36.1°C, while Paris reached a record 40.9°C. Italy placed 16 cities on its highest heat alert as forecasters warned that extreme conditions could persist through the weekend.

The severe heat has claimed dozens of lives, with France reporting at least 50 deaths linked to the heatwave, including drowning incidents and heat-related fatalities. Spain also recorded deaths from heatstroke, while soaring temperatures affected power supplies, reduced nuclear plant output, disrupted transport networks, and forced schools, tourist attractions, and public events to close or scale back operations.

Meteorologists say the heatwave is being driven by an “Omega block” weather pattern that traps hot air over regions for extended periods. Experts warn that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of such extreme weather events. With Europe warming faster than the global average, authorities across the continent are urging residents to take precautions as temperatures remain dangerously high.

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Europe is facing an intense and prolonged heatwave, with red alerts issued across France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and Luxembourg as temperatures are forecast to exceed 40°C. French weather authorities warned that the heatwave could be one of the longest in recent years, with cities like Bordeaux already recording 42°C and Paris expected to reach 41°C. Hundreds of schools have been closed, and transport services have been disrupted as governments urge residents to take precautions.

The extreme conditions have already had deadly consequences. In southern France, two young children were found dead in a family car in an incident believed to be linked to the heat. Several elderly residents have also died amid soaring temperatures, while authorities reported multiple drowning incidents as people sought relief in rivers and lakes. Across Europe, emergency services remain on high alert as hospitals prepare for heat-related illnesses.

Meteorologists say the heatwave is being driven by hot air moving north from the Sahara Desert, trapping unusually high temperatures across western and central Europe. Scientists point to the event as another sign of global warming, noting that most of France’s recorded heatwaves have occurred since 2000. Temperatures are expected to peak midweek before gradually easing toward the end of the week.

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A wildfire in northeastern Spain disrupted high-speed rail services between Madrid and Barcelona on Thursday after flames broke out near a railway section in Catalonia. Authorities temporarily suspended train operations in the affected area to allow firefighters to tackle the blaze safely.

The disruption comes as Spain prepares for its first major heatwave of the summer. Weather officials have warned that temperatures will rise significantly over the weekend, with several inland regions expected to experience highs above 40°C and some areas potentially reaching 42°C early next week.

Forecasters also cautioned that wildfire risks will increase due to dry conditions and limited rainfall. The warning follows last year’s record-breaking heatwave across Spain and Portugal, which contributed to severe forest fires and highlighted growing concerns over the impact of climate change on extreme weather events.

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Spain recorded its highest-ever sea temperatures for May across much of its coastline, with data from the country’s port authority showing unprecedented readings at most deep-water and coastal monitoring stations. The unusually warm waters affected large areas of the Mediterranean and surrounding seas during the month.

According to Spain’s weather agency, the record temperatures are primarily linked to long-term human-driven climate change rather than the expected development of El Niño. Officials noted that extreme heat records have become increasingly common in recent years, reflecting a broader trend of rising global temperatures.

While the United Nations has forecast the possible arrival of a moderate to strong El Niño later this year, experts said May’s marine heatwave occurred independently of the Pacific climate pattern. However, the combination of warming oceans and a potential El Niño event could contribute to higher global temperatures in the months ahead.

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Climate activists gathered outside TotalEnergies’ headquarters in Paris ahead of the company’s annual shareholders’ meeting, protesting the French state’s undisclosed accumulation of a 1.33% stake in the energy giant. The stake, valued at approximately $2.8 billion, was revealed through a U.S. regulatory filing earlier this year, making the French state one of the company’s largest shareholders.

Campaigners criticised the investment, arguing that public funds should not be used to support fossil fuel projects at a time of growing climate concerns. Protesters called on the government to halt further investments in oil and gas developments and urged authorities to impose additional taxes on energy sector profits to support consumers facing higher energy costs.

The stake is held through France’s public financial institution, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (CDC), which said its investment aligns with its mission of supporting major French companies and promoting economic stability. While TotalEnergies continues to expand oil and gas operations, the company has also invested heavily in renewable energy projects. The CDC stated that it prefers engaging with companies to encourage climate action rather than divesting from them.

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Portugal has recorded its hottest May temperature ever after the town of Mora hit 40.3°C, breaking a national record set more than two decades ago. The extreme heat is part of a wider heatwave affecting several Western European countries, including France, Italy, Spain and Germany.

Authorities across Europe are scrambling to respond as temperatures continue to soar. France held emergency meetings on heatwave preparedness, while schools reported dangerous indoor temperatures above 50°C. In Italy, cities including Rome were placed under red heat alerts, warning of serious health risks even for healthy people.

The intense weather has also disrupted major events, with tennis star Jannik Sinner struggling with dizziness during the French Open amid the heat. Scientists say climate change is making heatwaves more frequent and severe, with the UN warning that global temperatures are likely to remain near record highs in the coming years.

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The northwestern Italian city of Turin is experiencing severe power blackouts as an early European heatwave pushes the local electricity network to its limits. The repeated outages have struck multiple districts over recent days, knocking out traffic lights and causing significant road congestion. Local utility company Iren, which serves approximately 650,000 electricity customers in the city, attributed the disruptions to unprecedented thermal stress on underground cables caused by prolonged daylight hours and high temperatures. While a spokesperson for Iren acknowledged the ongoing sporadic outages, they clarified that the city has not been brought to a complete standstill.

The crisis has exposed the vulnerabilities of Turin’s aging infrastructure under the weight of rising global temperatures and surging energy consumption. Turin Mayor Stefano Lo Russo highlighted that the city’s electricity network requires urgent investment and maintenance, noting that while network upgrades are planned, widespread intervention will take time. Iren has already launched a €515 million ($598 million) modernization plan extending through 2030 to upgrade Turin’s primary grid. However, officials admit that the accelerating frequency and unpredictable timing of these intense heatwaves are severely complicating their implementation timeline.

As Italy grapples with its first major heatwave of the year, the Italian Air Force’s weather service forecast temperatures reaching a high of 32 degrees Celsius (89.6°F) in Turin. In response to the weather extremity, the local municipality has issued public warnings regarding the health risks associated with the high temperatures. To protect vulnerable residents, city officials have opened dedicated public cooling spaces equipped with fans and air conditioning.

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Germany has announced a sweeping climate programme aimed at meeting its 2030 targets and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, allocating €8 billion to fund the initiative. The plan comes as concerns grow over rising energy prices and supply disruptions, partly linked to global tensions such as the Iran war. It outlines 67 measures designed to accelerate the country’s transition to cleaner energy.

Europe’s largest economy is targeting a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2030 and aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2045. However, current progress stands at around 48%, with experts warning that existing policies are insufficient. The new strategy focuses on expanding wind energy, boosting electric vehicle adoption, and supporting industries in shifting to low-carbon technologies.

Environment Minister Carsten Schneider said the measures would cut millions of tonnes of CO₂ emissions while significantly reducing natural gas and petrol consumption by the end of the decade. The plan also includes efforts to strengthen forests and soil ecosystems, positioning climate action as both an economic and environmental priority.

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