The UK has agreed to allow Spanish border guards to conduct passport checks on travellers arriving in Gibraltar under a draft post-Brexit treaty with the EU. The 1,000-page agreement will introduce Spanish-run “second line” Schengen checks at Gibraltar’s airport and port, following initial controls by local authorities. The deal aims to secure an open land border with Spain and provide long-term certainty for the territory ahead of stricter EU border rules coming into force in April.

While Gibraltar will not formally join the passport-free Schengen zone, Spanish officials will be empowered to carry out searches, arrests and interviews when justified during border control procedures. Non-EU nationals, including British passport holders, will face biometric checks under the EU’s Entry Exit System. The arrangement is intended to eventually remove the 1.2km fence separating Gibraltar from Spain — a crossing used daily by thousands of workers — and streamline travel while avoiding disruption to the local economy.

The treaty also brings Gibraltar into the EU customs union, aligning import duties with Spain and introducing a phased “transaction tax” on goods sold locally, though its zero-VAT regime will remain. Fabian Picardo welcomed the agreement as providing certainty for businesses, while the UK government described it as part of a new era of cooperation with the European Union. The draft must still be ratified by both the UK and European Parliaments before taking effect.

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