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Train drivers in Spain will begin a three-day nationwide strike on Monday, protesting what they describe as serious safety lapses across the country’s rail network. The strike follows two fatal train accidents in January that have shaken public confidence in Spain’s rail system and caused widespread travel disruption.

The deadliest crash occurred on 18 January in Adamuz, southern Spain, where a high-speed train derailed and collided with another train travelling in the opposite direction, killing 46 people in the country’s worst rail disaster in over a decade. Just two days later near Barcelona, a local train derailed after a wall collapsed onto the track, killing a trainee driver and injuring at least 37 passengers. Subsequent safety inspections revealed maintenance faults on several routes.

The train drivers’ union Semaf is demanding increased staffing, greater investment, and improved maintenance, warning of the “constant deterioration” of the rail network. While Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is expected to face tough questions in parliament, the government has rejected claims of underinvestment, noting €700 million spent on upgrades to the Madrid–Andalusia line. Transport Minister Óscar Puente said authorities do not see systemic failures in maintenance or infrastructure.

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Spanish rail authorities have temporarily reduced the speed limit on a section of the high-speed line between Madrid and Barcelona after a crack was detected on the track 110 km west of Barcelona, between Alcover and l’Espluga de Francolí in Catalonia. Transport Minister Óscar Puente confirmed that the fault does not endanger trains, but the affected section will operate at 80 km/h until further notice, down from the usual 300 km/h.

The move follows several recent speed reductions on Spain’s high-speed network, including temporary cuts to 230 km/h on other parts of the Madrid-Barcelona line and sections of the Madrid-Valencia route. These adjustments come amid ongoing investigations into the Adamuz crash in Andalusia, which killed 45 people earlier this month due to a track weld failure, highlighting safety concerns across the network.

Meanwhile, local Rodalies services in Catalonia continue to experience severe disruption after multiple incidents, including a trainee driver’s death. Political opposition has criticized years of underinvestment, and Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is scheduled to appear before Congress on February 11 to address the rail crisis.

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Spanish rail investigators said a fracture in the track likely occurred before a high-speed train derailed in southern Spain, leading to a fatal collision that killed 45 people. In a preliminary report released on Friday, the rail accident investigation body CIAF said available evidence suggests the rail break happened prior to the passage of the Iryo train and before the derailment itself.

The crash occurred on Sunday near Adamuz in the Cordoba province, when a derailed Iryo high-speed train collided with an oncoming Renfe train, marking one of Europe’s deadliest rail accidents in recent years. While the cause of the rail fracture has not yet been determined, investigators stressed that no possibilities have been ruled out and further analysis is required.

CIAF said it found distinctive damage on the wheels of the Iryo train consistent with striking a broken rail, with markings closely matching defects observed on the fractured track section. Similar wheel damage was also identified on other trains that passed through the same area before the accident, though investigators cautioned that the findings remain preliminary and must be confirmed through detailed technical studies.

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Spain’s largest train drivers’ union, SEMAF, has called for a nationwide strike, demanding stronger safety assurances following a series of deadly rail accidents that have shaken the country. The move comes after one of Europe’s worst recent train crashes near Adamuz in southern Spain killed at least 42 people, along with two additional derailments this week that claimed the life of a commuter train driver near Barcelona and disrupted regional services.

SEMAF said it would seek criminal accountability from those responsible for rail safety, revealing it had warned infrastructure operator Adif months earlier about severe track wear on the Adamuz stretch. According to the union, potholes, uneven tracks, and damaged overhead power lines had caused frequent breakdowns and raised safety risks on several high-speed routes. Authorities are continuing recovery efforts at the Adamuz site, where rescuers are still searching for possible remaining victims.

Transport Minister Oscar Puente acknowledged the emotional toll on train drivers but urged the union to reconsider the strike, noting that two of the recent derailments were caused by extreme weather rather than track conditions. Adif has since imposed additional speed limits and ordered inspections after drivers reported poor track conditions, while storms and safety checks have triggered widespread service suspensions, leaving commuters across regions like Catalonia scrambling for alternatives.

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