French President Emmanuel Macron will travel to China from December 3 to 5 as Europe attempts to navigate a complex balance between economic dependence and strategic rivalry with Beijing. His agenda includes meetings with President Xi Jinping in Beijing and Chengdu, where he is expected to push for fairer trade conditions, stronger market access, and more balanced technological cooperation. The visit comes as EU-China relations face growing strain, with Brussels warning that ties have reached a critical turning point.
Europe’s concerns centre on China’s surge of low-cost exports—especially steel—and its dominance in electric vehicles and rare earth processing, which pose risks to key European industries. As Washington’s tariffs reshape global trade, China is positioning itself as a business-friendly alternative, even as EU leaders remain wary of Beijing’s support for Russia and its heavily subsidised industrial model. Macron’s team says he will press for a rebalanced relationship that encourages Chinese domestic consumption and shared innovation benefits.
The European Union is preparing a tougher economic security strategy, considering more assertive trade measures against China. France has backed higher tariffs on Chinese EV imports, triggering a year-long Chinese investigation into French brandy in what many saw as retaliation. Despite Airbus expanding its presence in China, a major aircraft deal is not expected during Macron’s trip, reflecting Beijing’s strategic use of aviation purchases in its broader geopolitical negotiations.
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